Autophagy: the pathogenic agent in muscle damage

Autophagy: the pathogenic agent in muscle damage

Recently autophagy has attracted considerable attention because of its role in a wide variety of diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, myopathies, and lysosomal storage diseases. Autophagy is a “self-eating” process that brings proteins and damaged organelles enclosed in double-membrane autophagosomes to lysosomes for digestion and recycling. Functional lysosomes are essential...

Autophagy in plant pathogenic fungi.

Autophagy is a conserved cellular process that degrades cytoplasmic constituents in vacuoles. Plant pathogenic fungi develop special infection structures and/or secrete a range of enzymes to invade their plant hosts. It has been demonstrated that monitoring autophagy processes can be extremely useful in visualizing the sequence of events leading to pathogenicity of plant pathogenic fungi. In th...

Pathogenic Role of Autophagy in Rheumatic Diseases

Autophagy is a principle catabolic process mediated by lysosomes in eukaryotic cells. This is an intracellular homeostatic mechanism crucial for degradation in acidic lysosomal compartments of waste components from the cytoplasm. Autophagy research was initially focused on its degradation mechanism, but focus is now shifting to its effects on immunity. It contributes to detection and removal of...

Autophagy in DNA Damage Response

DNA damage response (DDR) involves DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, but autophagy is also suggested to play a role in DDR. Autophagy can be activated in response to DNA-damaging agents, but the exact mechanism underlying this activation is not fully understood, although it is suggested that it involves the inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). mTORC1 re...

Pathogenic Features of Insulin Resistance and Critical Organ Damage in the Liver, Muscle and Lung